Mu bihe by’ingufu nyinshi nko mu ngufu nshya, ikoranabuhanga ry’ingufu n’igenzura ry’inganda, gufunga ibyuma bya elegitoroniki ni cyo gikorwa cy’ingenzi cyo kwemeza ko amashanyarazi ahuzwa neza. Imibare igaragaza ko 35% by’inkongi z’umuriro w’amashanyarazi ziterwa n’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi idakora neza cyangwa mibi. Nk’ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi mu mikorere y’imashini, igipimo cyo gufunga kigena neza imbaraga za mekanike n’uburyo amashanyarazi ahuzwa. Iyi ngingo isobanura neza urwego rwiza rw’igipimo cyo gufunga, formula yo kubara, ibintu bigira ingaruka ku mikorere n’ingenzi mu mikorere y’imashini za elegitoroniki zihuzwa n’amashanyarazi menshi, bishobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa ako kanya.
I. Igipimo cyo gukanda ni iki? Banza usobanukirwe icyo gisobanuro cy'ingenzi cyacyo
Igipimo cyo gukanda (kizwi kandi nka igipimo cyo gukanda cyangwa igipimo cyo gukanda) gipima igipimo cy'impinduka z'agace k'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi mbere na nyuma yo gukanda, bigaragaza uburyo bwo gufatana hagati y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'aho uhagarara. Hari uburyo bubiri bukoreshwa mu kubara mu nganda.
USCAR-21 (Ikunze gukoreshwa mu binyabiziga n'amashanyarazi, igipimo cyo gukanda)
Igipimo cyo gukanda (%) = 100×(1 - Agace k'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi nyuma yo gukanda / Agace k'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi mbere yo gukanda)
Urugero: Umuyoboro wa 50mm² mbere yo gufunga, ubuso bwawo bugabanutseho 20% nyuma yo gufunga, hamwe n'igipimo cyo gukanda cya 20%.
VW 60330 (Ikoreshwa cyane mu bipimo ngenderwaho by'Abadage no mu nganda, igipimo cyo gufungana)
Igipimo cyo gukanda (%) = Agace k'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi nyuma yo gukanda / Agace k'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi mbere yo gukanda × 100%
Urugero: Niba agace k'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi nyuma yo gufunga kagize 80% by'agace k'umwimerere, igipimo cyo gukanda ni 80%.
II. Igipimo cyiza cyo gukanda kugira ngo ukoreshe imbaraga nyinshi mu gufunga ibyuma
Ibisabwa by'ingenzi mu gukoresha ingufu nyinshi (conductors z'umuringa, 6–400mm²): ubushobozi buke bwo gukoraho, imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura, ubushobozi bwiza bwo kudashyuha no kudatigita. Ingano zikoreshwa ziratandukanye bitewe n'ibikoresho n'imiterere y'imikorere.
1. Imashini zitwara amashanyarazi zikoresha umuringa (zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nshya zishinzwe ingufu, ingufu n'inganda)
Intera rusange nziza: 15%–25% (igipimo cyo gukanda) / 75%–85% (igipimo cyo gukanda)
Ibintu byagabanijwemo ibice:
Umuvuduko usanzwe w'amashanyarazi uri hejuru (6–95mm²): 18%–22% by'umuvuduko wo gukanda, imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa biringaniye.
Umuvuduko munini cyane (120–400mm²): Igipimo cyo gukanda 22%–25%. Hakenewe umuvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo hameneke ibice bya okiside.
Gutigita kw'ingufu nyinshi (imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu): Igipimo cyo gukanda 15%–20%, birinda ko insinga zicika bitewe no gukanda cyane.
2. Konkireri ya aluminiyumu (insinga y'amashanyarazi / bisi)
Aluminiyumu ikunze kwangirika kandi ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kugenda. Igipimo cyo gukanda gikenewe kugira ngo icyuma cya okiside gicike: igipimo cyo gukanda cya 30%–50%, igipimo cyo gukanda cya 50%–70%
3. Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'inganda
Igipimo cy'Igihugu gisanzwe GB/T 14315-2008: Igipimo cyo gukanda insinga z'amashanyarazi 20%-30%
IEC 60352-2: Igipimo cyo gukandagirana kw'ibice bidafite solderless crimping 15%–25%
USCAR-21 (Igipimo cy'imodoka): Igipimo cyo gukanda 15%–20%, igipimo cy'ubusa＜10%
III. Ingaruka zo gukanda cyane cyangwa kugabanuka cyane kw'ingufu
✅ Igipimo cyo gukanda hasi (<15%)
Guhuza hagati y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, kwiyongera gukomeye k'ubudahangarwa bw'amashanyarazi. Ubushyuhe bwinshi butangwa n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi mwinshi hamwe n'ubushyuhe burenze 50°C.
Ingufu zo gukurura zidahagije, ziri munsi ya 80% by'agaciro gasanzwe, zishobora kurekura no kugwa iyo zirimo guhindagura.
Icyuho kinini gituma ubushuhe n'umukungugu byinjira, bikihutisha oxidation na corruption.
✅ Igipimo cyo gukanda cyane (>30%)
Guhinduka cyane cyangwa gucika kw'imigozi y'insinga z'umuringa, kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuriro.
Gucika kw'urukuta rw'aho inkuta zihagarara no guhindagurika bigatuma imbaraga za mashini zitakaza.
Ubwinshi bw'imihangayiko yo mu gace runaka butera guturika bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'igabanuka ry'igihe kirekire.
IV. Ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi bigena igipimo cy'ingufu zikwiye
1. Ibikoresho by'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi
Umuringa: Ubushobozi bwiza bwo gupfunyika, igipimo cyo gukanda 15%-25%
Aluminium: Urusobe rwa okiside ikomeye, igipimo cyo gukanda 30%-50%
Aluminiyumu ipfutse umuringa: Interineti, igipimo cyo gukanda 20%-30%
2. Ubwoko bwa Terminal
Umuyoboro wa Tube (OT/UT): Igipimo cyo gukanda cya 18%–22%, ni byiza gukoresha hexagonal die
Ifunguye (SC): Igipimo cyo gukanda 20%–25%, inkombe nto ifunguye irakenewe
Ingufu nshya ifite ingufu nyinshi (LV): Igipimo cyo gukanda 15%–20%, igishushanyo mbonera cyo kurwanya gucika kw'imigozi
3. Gutera ibikoresho byo gupfunyika no gupfunyika
Koni zo gufunga zikoresha hydraulic crimping (16–24t): Zikwiriye 6–400mm², igipimo cyo gukanda gihamye ni 20%–25%
Indabyo y'urukiramende: Umuvuduko usanzwe, ikosa ryo gukanda＜± 2%, amahitamo meza
Ingano y'umuvuduko: Ku ikoreshwa ryoroshye gusa, ikosa rinini ± 5%, ntibyemewe ku muvuduko munini cyane
V. Imikorere ifatika: Kugenzura igipimo cyo gukanda no kugenzura ubuziranenge
1. Uburyo bwo kugenzura neza
Guhuza Ibipimo: Huza ibyuma, imiyoboro n'insinga bihuza igice kimwe n'ikindi
Uburyo bwo gukuraho: Uburebure bwo gukuraho bungana n'ubujyakuzimu bw'umugozi hamwe na mm 1-2, komeza imigozi imeze neza nta ogisijeni cyangwa uduce duto.
Gukoresha amavuta akoresha amashanyarazi: Shyira amavuta avanze ku byuma bikoresha umuringa n'amavuta yihariye ku byuma bikoresha aluminium kugira ngo ukureho icyuma cya oxide
Igikorwa cyo gufunga: Shyiramo kondakita yose, shyiramo igitutu kugeza ku gipimo cy’agaciro, komeza igitutu mu gihe cy’amasegonda 3-5, funga imyanya 2-3
Igenzura ry'ingufu: Pima umurambararo w'inyuma nyuma yo gucikamo ibice, ikosa ry'igipimo cyo kugenzura riri hagati ya ± 2%
2. Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'igenzura ry'ubuziranenge
Ishusho: Nta mvune, ibibyimba cyangwa ibyuma bigaragara, nta gupfundikanya kw'imashini
Ingano: Kugabanuka k'umurambararo wo hanze ≤±5%, igipimo cyo gukanda kiri mu rugero rwagenwe
Ingufu z'amashanyarazi: Ubudahangarwa bw'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bungana inshuro 1.1, ubushyuhe buzamuka ≤30℃ nyuma y'isaha imwe y'ikizamini cy'umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi
Imashini: Imbaraga zo gukurura zujuje ibisanzwe (umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ≥80N), nta gucika intege cyangwa imigozi yacitse
VI. Incamake: Imibare y'ingenzi ku bijyanye no gufunga imirasire y'amazi menshi
Umuyoboro w'umuringa (6–400mm²): Igipimo cyiza cyo gukanda 18%–22%, igipimo cyo gukanda 78%–82%
Igipimo cy'ingufu za aluminiyumu: Igipimo cyo gukanda 30%–50%
Ihame ry'ingenzi: Irinde gupfundikanya ibikomere bidahagije cyangwa bikabije. Ibyuma bihuye n'ibice, kugenzura neza no kugenzura neza kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka zo gupfundikanya ibikomere.
AMASS Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ufite ubushyuhe bwinshi ukoresha terminal ishobora kugufasha kugumana imikoranire ihamye mu bihe nk'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi, ingaruka z'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubukonje, ingano nto, n'umuyoboro mwinshi w'amashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-25-2026