Bitewe n’ingamba zo gukoresha karuboni ebyiri, inganda zibika ingufu zabonye iterambere rikomeye. Kuva kuri sisitemu zo guhuza ububiko bw’izuba n’ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu mu nganda n’ubucuruzi kugeza ku bigo binini bibika ingufu, ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu byabaye inkunga ikomeye mu kubaka ingufu nshya no kogosha amashanyarazi.
Ikitazwi cyane ni uko inyuma y'ibice by'ingenzi nka bateri, inverters, na BMS, imiyoboro ihuza ibikoresho ikora nk' "ikiraro" cyo kohereza ingufu n'ibimenyetso. Bigena mu buryo butaziguye umutekano, ituze, n'ikiguzi cy'imikorere n'imicungire y'ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu, bikaba "inkingi itagaragara" ishyigikira imikorere yizewe y'ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu mu gihe kirekire.
Imiterere y'imikorere y'ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu ishyiraho ibisabwa bikomeye cyane ku bikoresho bihuza ingufu kurusha ibice bisanzwe by'ikoranabuhanga. Bitandukanye n'ahantu horoshye ho gukorera ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu bugomba kwihanganira imihindagurikire y'amashanyarazi menshi n'ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi mu gihe kirekire, mu gihe ibikoresho byo hanze bihura n'ibibazo birimo imvura, urubura, umukungugu, n'itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe bukabije.
Guhitamo uruganda rukwiye n'ikirango ni ingenzi cyane iyo bigeze ku bijyanye n'abahuza b'inzobere. Changzhou Amass Electronics Co., Ltd. (yashinzwe mu 2002, yashinze XT Series) ifite uburambe bw'imyaka 24 mu guhuza ibikoresho bifite ingufu nyinshi bya DC ku bikoresho bifite ingufu nke biri munsi y'urwego rw'imodoka. Turi ikigo cy'igihugu cy'ubucuruzi bwihariye, cy'ikoranabuhanga, cyihariye, kandi gishya cya "Little Giant" kandi gifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rihuza imiterere, ubushakashatsi n'iterambere, inganda, n'ubucuruzi.
Dufite patenti zirenga 200, amapaki y'imishinga arenga 10.000, kandi twahaye abakiriya ingano y'ibikoresho birenga miliyoni 100.
Isosiyete yacu ikorera muri Lijia Industrial Park, mu Karere ka Wujin, mu Ntara ya Jiangsu, ifite ubuso burenga metero kare 30.000, ikaba ifite uburenganzira ku mutungo bwite w’ubutaka. Dufite itsinda ry’inzobere hafi 300 zikorera mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere, inganda no kugurisha.
Dutanga ubwoko burenga 100 bw'ibikoresho bihuza ibikoresho kugira ngo bihuze n'ibyifuzo bitandukanye, birimo ibikoresho byo mu busitani, ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo mu rugo bigezweho, robots zikoresha ubwenge, ndetse n'indege na drones. Hagati aho, dutanga serivisi nziza zo guteza imbere no gukora ibicuruzwa, dutanga ibisubizo byuzuye bya 7A ku bakiriya b'inganda.
Igishushanyo mbonera cy’uburinzi bw’umutekano mwinshi gikora umurongo wa mbere w’uburinzi bwo kubika ingufu. Ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu by’ingenzi bigomba guhuza uburinzi bufite ingufu nyinshi n’ubudahangarwa bw’ibidukikije. Bifite inzu irinda umuriro ya UL94 V0 hamwe n’imiterere ibiri yo kuziba, bigira uburinzi bwa IP67 cyangwa buri hejuru, birwanya neza imvura, urubura n’umukungugu mu bidukikije byo hanze kandi bikuraho ibyago byo kutagira umurongo uhagije w’amashanyarazi biterwa n’ubushuhe.
Hagati aho, igishushanyo mbonera cya anti-misinsertion kirinda neza polarity ya electrodes nziza na mbi. Bifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutwara umuriro n'imiterere mike yo gutakaza, bifasha sisitemu zo kubika ingufu kugabanya ikiguzi no kunoza imikorere.
Mu gihe cyo gushyira ingufu no kuzisohora mu buryo bwo kubika ingufu, imiyoboro igomba kuba ifite ingufu nyinshi zihoraho. Ibikoresho byiza bikoresha umuringa ukoresha amashanyarazi menshi hamwe n’uburyo bwihariye bwo kuzishyiraho, bigabanyiriza ubushobozi bwo kuzifataho kugeza munsi ya 0.5 mΩ no kuzamuka k’ubushyuhe kugeza munsi ya 30 K munsi y’umuyoboro usanzwe mu gihe cy’amasaha 4, bigabanya cyane igihombo cy’amashanyarazi.
Uburyo bwose bwo guhuza ibintu kugira ngo buhuze n'ibikenewe mu kubika ingufu. Ibipimo by'ibihuza biratandukanye cyane mu buryo butandukanye bwo kubika ingufu: kubika ingufu mu mazu bitanga ingano nto kandi byoroshye gushyiraho, bishyigikira amanota atandukanye akoreshwa ubu.
Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gukora (kuva kuri -40°C kugeza kuri 120°C) butuma umuntu ashobora guhangana n'ikirere gikabije mu turere dutandukanye, agahura n'ibikenewe mu bidukikije bigoye nko gusukura umunyu wo ku nkombe z'inyanja ndetse n'ubukonje bukabije mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa.
Mu bikorwa bifatika, imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi ifite ubuziranenge yabaye urufunguzo rwo kugabanya ikiguzi no kunoza imikorere myiza mu mishinga yo kubika ingufu.
Uko ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu rigenda ritera imbere rigana ku rwego rwo hejuru mu guhuza no mu buhanga, abahuza barushaho kwakira amahirwe mashya yo guteza imbere.
Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bihujwe n'ibipimo by'ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bishobora gutanga ibitekerezo ku mikorere yabyo mu gihe nyacyo no guhanura ibibazo bishobora kubaho mbere y'igihe. Igishushanyo mbonera gihujwe, gihuza imiyoboro ikonjesha n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibimenyetso, bigabanya ingano kandi bikanoza imikorere myiza ya sisitemu.
Hagati aho, ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa n’amahame mpuzamahanga agenga ibidukikije nka RoHS2.0 na REACH bikuraho inzitizi z’ubucuruzi ku bikoresho byo kubika ingufu byoherezwa mu mahanga.
Iterambere ry’urwego rw’ububiko bw’ingufu rishingiye ku bwitange bw’ibice by’ingenzi. Nubwo abahuza ari bato kandi bakaba ari bo batanga igipimo gito cy’ikiguzi cyo kugura, bubahiriza inshingano z’ingenzi zo kugenzura imikorere y’uburyo bwo kubika ingufu mu mutekano.
Muri iki gihe inganda zirimo guhinduka kuva ku "kwaguka vuba" zikajya ku "guhangana mu buryo bwiza", ibikoresho byo guhuza ingufu byujuje ubuziranenge - bifite umutekano mwinshi, byizewe cyane kandi bihindagurika cyane - biri gufasha ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu gusenya inzitizi za tekiniki no gushyiraho urufatiro runini rw'iterambere rirambye ry'inganda nshya z'ingufu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-10-2026