Mu myaka ya vuba aha, inkongi z'umuriro z'ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi zagiye zigaragara imwe nyuma y'indi, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi mu mpeshyi, ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi byoroshye gutwika mu buryo butunguranye bigatera inkongi!
Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amakuru y’itsinda ry’igihugu rishinzwe ubutabazi bw’umuriro ryo mu 2021 ryatanze raporo ku nkongi z’umuriro zakozwe n’ibiro bishinzwe ubutabazi bw’umuriro muri Minisiteri y’imicungire y’ibibazo, inkongi z’umuriro zigera ku 18000 n’impfu 57 zatewe n’impanuka y’amagare y’amashanyarazi n’amabati yazo mu gihugu hose umwaka ushize. Bivugwa ko inkongi z’umuriro 26 z’amagare y’amashanyarazi zabaye i Yantai mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu gusa uyu mwaka.
Ni iki gituma inkongi z'umuriro zikoresha amashanyarazi zibaho kenshi?
Impamvu nyamukuru itera gutwika imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ni ugutwika kwa bateri za lithium mu buryo butunguranye. Ibyo bita gutwika kwa bateri ni uruhererekane rw'ibikorwa biterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye bitera imbaraga. Agaciro ka karori gashobora kuzamura ubushyuhe bwa bateri ku gipimo cy'ibihumbi, bigatera gutwika mu buryo butunguranye. Bateri z'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zishobora gutwika mu buryo butunguranye bitewe no kongera umuriro, gutobora, ubushyuhe bwinshi, guhagarara k'umurambararo, kwangirika kw'ingufu zo hanze n'izindi mpamvu.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda neza ubushyuhe bushobora gushonga
Uburyo ubushyuhe bukabije butera guhindagurika buratandukanye. Kubwibyo, ingamba nyinshi zo kwirinda zigomba gufatwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe bukabije bugabanuka.
Impamvu nyamukuru ituma ubushyuhe bukomeza kwiyongera ni "ubushyuhe". Kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe bukomeza kwiyongera, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko bateri ikora ku bushyuhe bukwiye. Ariko, mu bushyuhe bwinshi mu mpeshyi, "ubushyuhe" ntibushobora kwirindwa, bityo tugomba gutangirira kuri bateri, kugira ngo bateri ya lithiamu-ion igire ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza.
Mbere na mbere, abaguzi bagomba kwita ku miterere y’ibikoresho bya bateri za lithium mu gihe bagura imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, kandi niba ibikoresho by’imbere mu turemangingo twa bateri bifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe n’imikorere myiza yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Icya kabiri, niba icyuma gihuza bateri kiri imbere mu modoka y’amashanyarazi gifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, tugomba gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo icyuma gihuza bateri kidakonja cyangwa ngo kidakora neza bitewe n’ubushyuhe bwinshi, kugira ngo uruziga rufungurwe kandi hirindwe ko habaho uruziga rugufi.
Nk'inzobere mu guhuza ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, Amikibunoafite uburambe bw'imyaka 20 mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibijyanye no guhuza imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi za lithium, kandi atanga ibisubizo bigezweho byo guhuza imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi nka Xinri, Emma, Y.adi, nibindi. Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi urwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi wa Ames ukoresha PBT ifite ubushyuhe bwiza, irwanya ikirere n'imiterere y'amashanyarazi. Aho ishongesha rya pulasitiki ikingira PBT ni 225-235℃.
AmikibunoLaboratwari
Ibikoresho bihuza imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi bishyushye cyane byatsinze ikizamini cyo kugabanya umuriro, kandi imikorere y’ibikoresha umuriro igera kuri V0, ishobora no kugera ku bushyuhe bwo hagati ya -20 ℃ ~ 120 ℃. Kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu bushyuhe bwo hagati bwavuzwe haruguru, igice kinini cy’ibikoresha umuriro kidahinduka bitewe n’ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma habaho umuvuduko muke.
Uretse guhitamo bateri n'ibizigize, ubwiza bw'ibikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi, igihe kirekire cyo gusharija, guhindura imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko, nibindi ni ingenzi mu kunoza imikorere y'umutekano wa bateri za lithium zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-05-2022